14 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Etiologies by Mechanism ... IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
• Cushing's Syndrome ... diuretics • Beta agonists ... Hyperglycemia (e.g ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists ... Pharmacology Summary Mechanisms ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... not definitively cause ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists ... Muscarinic Receptor Agonists ... symptomatic bradycardia (e.g ... ., AV block) • ... #Pharmacology #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Malignancy (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
Pharmacology Summary Mechanisms ... Januvia) - Once/day tablet ... GLP-I receptor agonist ... not definitively cause ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
AV block ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
treat with beta-agonist ... (2) Sick Sinus Syndrome ... 200ms from longer pause ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Medication Guide Classes ... GLP-1 receptor agonist ... 0.3-0.6 units/kg ... pharmacology #comparison #table ... #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome