13 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Acid → SIADH - High ... Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... perspiration Renal ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... , urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... diuresis can be high ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
helps to differentiate ... Rise in blood urea ... causes the hyponatremia ... in renal failure ... Measured urine sodium
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... #Differential # ... Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology