17 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... microscopic and ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #Hematuria #Differential
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... anywhere in the urinary ... also be seen if urine ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #Microscopy #Atlas
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Amyloidosis) ... Proteinuria #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Macroglossia in Light-Chain Amyloidosis- Physical examination revealed macroglossia, with indentations from the teeth (Panel A)...A biopsy
in Light-Chain Amyloidosis ... under polarized microscopy ... In primary systemic ... well-recognized cause ... AL #lightchain #NEJM
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
, urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... calcium Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... test (with 24-h urine ... ganglioma - 24-h urinary ... or MRI scan of abdomen ... #Hypertension #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
: • Primary amyloid ... dissociation in urine ... hypoadrenalism • Nausea ... : • UPEP with Urine ... polarized light microscopy