13 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ACTH-Independent (Primary ... Insufficiency #AI ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... test (with 24-h urine ... or MRI scan of abdomen ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... autoimmune adrenalitis cases ... AI present - ... AI present - ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... , urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... osmolarity If cause ... #causes
Infectious Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency
Anatomical distribution of vessels to the adrenal makes the gland prone to
Infectious Causes ... risk for either primary ... #Infectious #Causes ... #AI #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... ) - Urinary tract ... AKI #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology ... #causes