21 results
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Heart failure, liver ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Then, ask 3 questions ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium