2010 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Fluid and Water Secretion and Absorption in the GI Tract

#Fluid #water #Secretion #Absorption #reabsorption #GITract #diagnosis
Secretion and Absorption ... water #Secretion #Absorption ... #reabsorption #
Types of Spontaneous Abortion 
 - Threatened 
 - Inevitable 
 - Incomplete 
 - Complete
of Spontaneous Abortion ... #Spontaneous #Abortion
Normal Vitamin and Mineral Absorption

#Diagnosis #Absorption #Nutrient #Mineral #Vitamin #Duodenum #Ileum #Jejunum #Location #Map #Gastrointestinal
Vitamin and Mineral Absorption ... #Diagnosis #Absorption
Gastrointestinal tract absorption. 

#Absorption #Nutrient #Mineral #Vitamin #Duodenum #Ileum #Jejunum #Location #Map #Gastrointestinal #Diagnosis #ShortGut #SBS
Gastrointestinal tract absorption ... #Absorption #Nutrient
Nutrient Absorption After Gastric Bypass Surgery

#Diagnosis #Absorption #Nutrient #Mineral #Vitamin #Gastric #Bypass #Duodenum #Ileum #Jejunum #Location
Nutrient Absorption ... #Diagnosis #Absorption
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
relatively high absorption ... relatively low absorption
Assessment of a Patient Presenting to the ED after a Medical Abortion:
 • History, including if/when
after a Medical Abortion ... type #Medical #Abortion ... #algorithm #workup