23 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
sodium low, uric ... acid high in hypovolemic ... sodium high and ... uric acid low in ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... Acid → SIADH - High ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... glucose mg/dL]/18 HIGH ... Hyperglycemia, High ... nutrition), Azotemia LOW ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Sodium >145 mmol/L High ... Urine Osmolality ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... protein - Low ... Protein diet - Urine ... Protein diet - Urine ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology