294 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
extracellular potassium ... shift - Acidosis ... load - Potassium ... foods - IV potassium ... renal tubular acidosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... High-anion Gap Acidosis ... : • Lactic acidosis ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
gap metabolic acidosis ... Kidney tubular acidosis ... gap metabolic acidosis ... gap metabolic acidosis ... of sodium and potassium
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it?  Volatile hydrocarbon, Glue or paint-sniffing, Occupational
Early raised AG acidosis ... normal anion gap acidosis ... environment • Potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Renal tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
bicarbonate if acidosis ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... #hyperkalemia #potassium
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
anion-gap metabolic acidosis ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... High Lactate, Low Potassium
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 
Management Priorities
1. Fluids 
2. Insulin 
3. Potassium 
4. Acidosis 
5. Re-establish oral fluids,
Potassium 4. ... Acidosis 5.
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential #potassium