11 results
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
Vaughan Williams Classification ... Blockade • Prolongs action ... AP cells • Slow ... VaughanWilliams #Classification ... #Classes #cardiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Nonreabsorbable anions ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
are present • Classic ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Grade - Slow growing ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Benign / Flow ... Papillary Muscle Dysfunction ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... #causes
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... hypokalemia (or low ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... rice/processed grains ... rice, Cereals • Low ... and myocardial dysfunction ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
Pathogenesis of Select Causes ... -> Interrupted flow ... CNS neurons -> Dysfunction ... colonic mucosa, leading ... #constipation #pathophysiology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
twitching CARDIAC CAUSES ... or sinus node dysfunction ... Nonarrhythmic Cardiac Causes ... NON-CARDIAC CAUSES ... #Palpitations #Cardiology