1181 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia is caused ... by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... rarely the sole cause
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Non-reabsorbable anions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... #Unmeasured #Anions ... #Differential #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... #differential #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... sodium • ↑ Serum potassium ... Check sodium, potassium ... insufficiency #addisons
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... will increase potassium ... , which is why potassium
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia

Consider risk factors for arrhythmia:
 - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation)
 - Digoxin
incongruous with clinical ... safely, whereas potassium ... Enteral potassium ... Intravenous potassium ... Internet Book of Critical
Potassium Electrolyte Repletion
If patient also has hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium before repleting potassium
Oral:
 • Pills (ask pharmacy
Potassium Electrolyte ... before repleting potassium ... Intravenous (can cause ... SatyaPatelMD #Potassium
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... of optic nerve axons ... ophthalmology #Clinical