25 results
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Ketoacidosis, Renal ... loss of bicarb, Renal ... GI loss of H+, Renal ... #workup #Differential ... #Diagnosis #acidosis
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary ... - PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... Hypertension #resistant #Evaluation ... #workup #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Shift: • Lactic acidosis ... CKD Increased Renal ... #Framework #Workup
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it?  Volatile hydrocarbon, Glue or paint-sniffing, Occupational
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis ... effects (inc psych) Renal ... Early raised AG acidosis ... normal anion gap acidosis ... , ↓K+ Renal - chronic
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... suggests extra-renal ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
pancreas, biliary, renal ... orientation, Biopsy ... orientation): ... with response to treatment ... management #phenotypes #workup
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Differential Algorithm Acidosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Hyperuricemia, Renal ... - Antiviral treatment ... Calculi #Types #Renal
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... reabsorption) Workup ... 15 suggests ↓ renal