66 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... nephrotic syndrome • renal ... #Workup #Algorithm
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary ... - PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... Hypertension #resistant #Evaluation ... #workup #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... suggests extra-renal ... consumption • Low ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Algorithm ADH ... Beer Potomania - Low ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... Hypothyroidism, adrenal
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Ingestion Renal ... #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm GI Losses ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Aldosterone-secreting mass • Adrenal
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
The Diagnostic Approach ... cell disease - Renal ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Algorithm ... Extrarenal Losses, Renal ... Losses (High and Low ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes