12 results
Valvular vs Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation - Classification
Valvular:
 • Presence of moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis or artificial (mechanical)
vs Non-Valvular Atrial ... moderate-to-severe mitral ... mechanical) heart valve ... mechanical heart valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib
Stroke Etiologies
Hemorrhagic (IPH, SAH)
Ischemic
 - Large Vessel Atherosclerosis
 - Cardioembolic: Atrial fib, prosthetic valves, LV aneurysm,
Cardioembolic: Atrial ... fib, prosthetic ... valves, LV aneurysm ... , Endocarditis, ... embolism, Occult a-fib
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Ischemic Stroke - Differential ... • Arrhythmias: Afib ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic valve ... • Endocarditis
Atrial Fibrillation on POCUS Echocardiogram (A4C)

35yoF presents with acute onset atrial fibrillation.  POCUS shows dilated
Atrial Fibrillation ... with acute onset atrial ... shows dilated left atrium ... & poor mitral valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
(A-Fib) Summary ... control with early Afib ... Moderate or severe mitral ... Mechanical heart valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... (vegetations)/tumor ... (left atrial myxoma ... )/ball valve thrombus ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... formation • Other vegetations ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... -mm left sided vegetations
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
LAA Thrombus), Valve ... (Vegetation, Thrombus ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... heart failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... brain flow (VT/Vfib ... /Afib/WPW) • Loss
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Stenosis