493 results
Antihypertensive Drugs - Summary
Diuretics:
 • Thiazide type: Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide
 • Thiazide-like: Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone
 • Loop
Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine ... , felodipine, Nifedipine ... #hypertension #htn
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
preparation) - Amlodipine ... #Pharmacology #HTN
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN ... Cushing Syndrome • HTN ... , Renovascular HTN ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
When to Evaluate for Secondary Causes of Hypertension
1. Severe or resistant HTN
2. Acute rise/lability in BP
3.
for Secondary Causes ... Severe or resistant HTN ... Malignant HTN with ... #Hypertension #causes ... indications #diagnosis #HTN
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Consider secondary HTN ... RAS Metabolic Causes ... #Hypertension #HTN ... #Secondary #Nephrology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
mmHg - portal HTN ... significant portal HTN ... Signs of portal HTN ... Post-Hepatic: • Cardiac causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease Renal Causes ... • Malignant HTN ... and SMA - Can cause ... urinary tract) Causes ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... nephropathy • HTN ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... are caused by prerenal ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... etiologies due to ATN ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Non-lschemic Causes of Cardiogenic Shock:

Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Digoxin 

Myocarditis 

Cardiomyopathies (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, Takatsubo, 
hemochromatosis) 

Valvular
Non-lschemic Causes ... Tamponade, pulmonary HTN ... , systemic HTN, ... #Nonlschemic #Causes