1500 results
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Low Anion Gap - ... mechanisms of a Low ... to 2.5 for the anion ... gap) • Normal anion ... paraprotein #Low
Hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia can mask an anion gap (particularly, low albumin states usually underestimate the anion
hypophosphatemia can mask an anion ... (particularly, low ... underestimate the anion ... estimate the normal anion ... the calculated anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap ... VBG - Calculate Anion ... Calculate Urinary Anion ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Algorithm Normal Anion ... Need to correct anion ... add 2.5 to the anion ... Cell Problem - Low
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
3) Labs show anion-gap ... , Shock Labs: Anion-Gap ... High Lactate, Low ... Potassium, Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... causes #potassium #low
Distribution of Magnesium in the Body
66% in Bones
33% in Muscles
1% in Serum
 • 60-70% Free (ionized)
10% Complexed w/ low ... molecular weight anions
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Non-reabsorbed anions ... Renin-Secreting Tumor Low ... aldosteronism Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... EABV, Low Plasma ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... Non-reabsorbable anion
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Nonreabsorbable anions