20 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... to be higher in Asians ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... and significant anion ... Common, early signs ... the increase in anion ... of the ketoacid anions
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... Changes • Non-union ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Symptoms (included in DSM 5 criteria) - Present during
included in DSM 5 criteria ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... diagnosis: months - Criteria ... : El Escorial criteria ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... heat stress • Criteria ... temperatures • Criteria
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Ganglion cells and axons ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
capillaries • Criteria ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs ... • Pathophysiology
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - For diagnosis, must have either 26
BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... #psychiatry #criteria