12 results
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... and significant anion ... Common, early signs ... the increase in anion ... of the ketoacid anions
Metabolic Acidosis with Anion Gap - KILU Mnemonic

K - Ketoacidosis
	• DKA
		- With normal glucose, ask if
Acidosis with Anion ... Ketoacidosis • DKA ... salicylates (+ resp alkalosis ... Uremia • The anion ... Metabolic #Acidosis #diagnosis
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis ... 3) Labs show anion-gap ... Presentation seems like DKA ... , Shock Labs: Anion-Gap ... Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Findings • Note: in DKA ... 3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... to be higher in Asians ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
- Metabolic Alkalosis ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... Changes • Non-union ... Fractures #msk #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Ganglion cells and axons ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
cycle to uncover pathophysiology ... regarding pulmonary pathophysiology ... loss of a-angle (aka ... oscillations - Sign ... interpretation #patterns #diagnosis
Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Social Factors
 • Parenting and infant attachment
 • Childhood illness/abuse
 •
-> respiratory alkalosis ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #psychiatry