22 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... to be higher in Asians ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... suction GI Losses - Lower ... Non-reabsorbed anions
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
acidosis or an alkalosis ... respiratory acidosis if lower ... concomitant respiratory alkalosis ... do more work = ANION ... Metabolic #Acidosis #Alkalosis
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... Changes • Non-union ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... epithelium -> Lower ... causing symptoms Signs ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
accumulation Lower ... ascend ureters from lower ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Reactive Arthritis
 • Inflammation of joints (commonly large joints)
    - Asymmetric Oligoarthritis: Joint
joints (mostly in lower ... ReactiveArthritis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical findings
 • Pain in lumbar area and gluteal region: (Dull, insidious
involving the lower ... AnkylosingSpondylitis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Mixed upper and lower ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms