22 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Failure - Causes ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... #cardiology #HFrEF ... #HFpEF #CHF
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... class III and class ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... class III and class ... IV symptoms. ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #management #cardiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction -> Connective ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
actually seen in all causes ... pneumonia, congenital causes ... cystic fibrosis, connective ... TreeInBud #Sign #diagnosis ... #ChestCT #pathophysiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
and Differential ... Diagnosis Obesity ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology #causes
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... Association functional class ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... C deficiency, anticoagulation ... autoimmune adrenalitis cases ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... a scrotum #21HydroxylaseDeficiency ... #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology