12 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Failure - Causes ... Cardiomyopathy HFrEF Causes ... • Other HFpEF Causes ... #HeartFailure #Causes ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... class III and class ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... class III and class ... IV symptoms. ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #cardiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction -> Connective ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... a scrotum #21HydroxylaseDeficiency ... #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... Association functional class ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... • 75-90% of cases ... /or symptoms • ... Abnormal in 50% of cases ... • Infectious causes
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
cardiac output -> Congestive ... Heart Failure (CHF ... Skull expansion causes ... middle ear bones causes ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... - Elevated CSF ... than one after symptom ... the underlying pathophysiology ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management