79 results
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Framework for Lower Extremity ... Unilateral Lower Extremity ... is due to the compression ... anteriorly causing compression ... #PhysicalExam #Pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... ->Cord compression ... hyperextension -> Upper extremity ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... stenosis/nerve compression ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... diagnosis #lower #extremity
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
due to severe compression ... - Emergency Causes ... unilateral lower extremity ... or absent lower extremity ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... fracture or prolonged compression ... #LowerLimb #Extremity
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Causes ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... Cord Compression ... Symptoms: • Upper extremity ... , lower extremity
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... : - Compression ... Radiation • Rapid decompression
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... Erb's Palsy is caused ... hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... #UpperLimb #Extremity
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
• Gilbert's Syndrome ... Crigler-Najjar Syndromes ... Biliary Duct Compression ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Etiology of Splenic Infarction:
 • Hypercoagulability: Factor V Leiden, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Malignancy
 • Embolic disease: Atrial
Antiphospholipid syndrome ... Splenic artery compression ... Wandering spleen syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes