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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal ... Cold Agglutinin Disease
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... Transfusion reaction, Paroxysmal ... cold agglutin disease ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #hematology #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... anemia, Paroxysmal ... RBC #Morphology #differential
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... #Anemia #Differential
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... for Hemolytic Anemia ... Causes: • Liver disease ... incompatibility • Paroxysmal ... #Anemia #Differential
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Pancytopenia - Differential ... Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... erythematosus • HLH • Paroxysmal ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Consider sickle cell disease ... , Hemoglobin H disease ... #Anemia #Differential
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... -100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... MCV #Algorithm #Differential
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
, Liver diseases ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... , Liver diseases ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic ... key #diagnosis #differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... younger pts) Differential ... macroglobulinemia Paroxysmal ... #hemolytic #anemia