31 results
Pathogenesis of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders: A maladaptive emotional state causing fear,
worry, and excessive stress, characterized by:
foreboding or apprehension ... Imbalance and/or abnormal ... Anxiety #Disorders #Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... In DKA, the normal ... details of the pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology ... DKA #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Functional Dyspepsia - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Risk factors: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Psychological comorbidity, Helicobacter pylori infection,
Functional Dyspepsia - Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis and Management ... a structurally normal ... Functional #Dyspepsia #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Management
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Diagnosis and Management ... (phenytoin) • NORMAL ... Hypocalcemia #Diagnosis #Management ... #endocrinology
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm for DKA/HHS

Diagnostic criteria for DKA:
 • pH < 7.3
 • Anion gap
• Anion gap normal ... • Serum BHB normal ... Crisis #Algorithm #management ... #endocrinology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... deficiency leads to abnormal ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
upper limit of normal ... Indications #PHPT #endocrinology ... #management #Hyperparathyroidism
Erectile Dysfunction: Pathogenesis

Erectile Dysfunction - Persistent or recurrent inability to achieve an erection sufficient to achieve
overactivity -> Normal ... NO release -> Abnormal ... and rigidity Endocrinologic ... #Dysfunction #Pathophysiology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Ketone bodies are a normal ... Starvation ketosis - normal ... glucose (BG) is normal ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... EuDKA #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology