16 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Identification of onset (acute ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... , confusion, seizures ... Assessment of volume status ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... a physiologic approach ... the underlying cause ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Algorithm Unprovoked ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... / Provoked Seizures ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... to Acute Interstitial ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... MatthewHoMD #Acute ... #nephrology #diagnosis
TiTrATE Approach to Vertigo
TiTrATE approach stands for Timing, Triggers and Targeted Examination.
4 vestibular syndromes that are
TiTrATE Approach ... stands for Timing ... syndrome (eg central cause ... ) #Titrate #algorithm ... vestibular #syndrome #diagnosis
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Approach to Headaches ... Altered mental status ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... arteritis • Acute ... #Algorithm #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... #Epilepticus #Seizures ... #Differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... Injury (TBI) - Acute ... Imbalances: • Hyponatremia ... cardiovascular causes ... #Neurology #Geriatrics