10 results
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... as no effect on ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion ... loop #thiazide #classes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... #AcidBase #disorders ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... kidney disease, and ... Kidney stones caused ... specific bleeding disorders ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Anticonvulsants as ... relapse of bipolar disorder ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Symptom | Diagnosis
• Solid-food dysphagia present for months to years | Mechanical
• Solid food and ... such as achalasia ... • Muscular or neurologic ... Other - ALS, Dementia ... the underlying cause
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... decarboxylation/gas ... muscle cells • Gas ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension is defined as ... , including a diuretic ... heart failure, neurologic ... with electrolyte disorders ... Neurologic disorders
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... Person Syndrome Pathophysiology ... other neurological disorders ... limb or joint disorders ... Management #treatment #neurology
Causes of Dysarthria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Lower Motor Neuron - Slow, Low Volume, Breathy Speech, Tongue
Causes of Dysarthria ... jerk, hyperactive gag ... Lateral Sclerosis Ataxic ... Paraneoplastic Disorder ... #Dysarthria #Neurology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Pathophysiology: ... Exclude other AKI causes ... - Salt and ... be substituted as ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology