23 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... , limb ataxia, gait ... Infections in HIV ... #CNS #Infections ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
and infects the CNS ... cells in the CNS ... The clinical syndrome ... dysfunction like gait ... #AIDS #Neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... splenomegaly Other infections ... multiple lesions Infectious ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... • CNS: parietal ... (Many causes!) ... ) • Infection ( ... #diagnosis #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... nervous system (CNS ... Non-inflammatory causes ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Causes of Hemiplegia ... • Aphasia • Apraxia ... Cognition/Confusion, Dementia ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Nerve Palsy • CN ... IV (Trochlear) ... One-and-a-half Syndrome ... Skew Deviation Casey ... ophthalmology #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
pulmonary etc) • CNS ... • Acute stroke syndromes ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... aminotransferases • Serology ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Chemotherapy • Infectious ... : HIV, Hepatitis ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... brain lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology