44 results
Motor and Reflex Grading (0-5)

Motor Strength Grading

5	Normal

4	Reduced, moves against resistance

3	Moves against gravity

2	Moves only with elimination of
Motor and Reflex ... Strength Grading 5 Normal ... Increased 2 Normal ... Scoring #Grades #Diagnosis ... #Neurology
Causes of Dementia / Cognitive Impairment - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Affecting Multiple Domains
 • Depression
 • Delirium
Decline
Cognitive Impairment - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Treatable Causes • Normal ... #Neurology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
(Contralateral motor ... • Aphasia • Apraxia ... Cognition/Confusion, Dementia ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Parkinson's Plus Syndromes - Atypical Parkinsonism
Main motor symptoms:
 • Tremors
 • Limb rigidity
 • Bradykinesia
Other symptoms
Parkinson's Plus Syndromes ... Parkinsonism Main motor ... (CBS) • Dementia ... #Parkinsonism #diagnosis ... #neurology
A normal plantar reflex response involves toe flexion, or even no movement. A positive test, also
A normal plantar ... reflex response ... with an upper motor ... #Plantar #PhysicalExam ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
sign means upper motor ... The Hoffmann's reflex ... #Positive #Abnormal ... clinical #video #neurology ... #physicalexam
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Spinal Root Sensory Motor ... C6 Dorsal Thumb ... C7 Dorsal Middle ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential ... #diagnosis #Neurology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Diagnosis: • ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #comatose ... #diagnosis
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... concentration • Motor ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Complete loss of motor ... upper and lower motor ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #orthopedics #neurology