9 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... brain lesion • CNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
association • M > F Clinical ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... symptoms (headache ... (Clinical Dx). ... diagnosis #management #signs
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... desaturation, Scotoma, Ocular ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... • Depressive symptoms ... : The clinical ... syndrome of HAD ... #AIDS #Neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... , HIV, CMV, HTLV ... hematogenous spread - Fungal ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Pseudomonas FUNGAL ... Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... • CT: Halo sign ... of a "flu-like syndrome ... Constitutional symptoms
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Herpesviruses (MCC: HSV ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... • Common clinical ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... 50 years • New headache ... • Progressive symptoms ... of headache, cognitive ... impairment, neurologic
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
cough, chills, headache ... has five major clinical ... stain of clinical ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... osteoarticular, pulmonary, ocular