21 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA ... ) - Differential ... salicylate toxicity causes ... #Differential # ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
development of metabolic ... Hyperchloremia nonanion gap metabolic ... shift • Saline Causes ... decreased renal blood flow ... • Saline May Cause
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Metabolic acidosis ... dosing) L L-lactate ... ) D D-lactate ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Chelators, Lactate ... Pancreatitis, Sepsis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #calcium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Various causes and ... Normal anion gap acidosis ... • High Calcium ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... seems like DKA, sepsis ... Alkalosis, High Lactate ... , Low Potassium,
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
Acetate (PhosLo ... see above), no metabolic ... acidosis ... Low pill burden. ... Low pill burden
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... - Differential ... sweat) - its metabolism ... Causes of Lactate ... LV failure - Low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... acidosis due to ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #