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Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... - Tamponade Pulmonary ... • Airways: - Asthma ... Vasculature: - PE - Pulmonary ... diagnosis #causes #pulmonary
Causes of Acute Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular
 • Myocardial Infarction*
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • CHF
Pleural
Causes of Acute Dyspnea ... Vascular • Pulmonary ... Airway (Wheeze) • Asthma ... Anaphylaxis* #Acute #Dyspnea
Pediatric Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Stridor:
 • Croup
 • Foreign Body
 • Tracheitis
 • Epiglottitis
 •
Pediatric Dyspnea ... Laryngospasm Wheeze: • Asthma ... Pneumonia • Asthma ... Ketoacidosis • Pulmonary ... Embolism #Dyspnea
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea ... disease • Asthma ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... embolism • Pulmonary ... amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Dyspnea
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea ... Obstruction • Asthma ... • Neoplasm Pulmonary ... Vessels • Pulmonary ... Acidosis #Chronic #Dyspnea
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Asthma vs COPD Presentation ... and Diagnosis Asthma ... Symptoms: Cough, Dyspnea ... Symptoms: Cough, Dyspnea ... comparison #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Chronic Causes of Dyspnea ... Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary ... exacerbation, Asthma ... Hemorrhage • Chronic: Asthma ... Pleural effusion, Pulmonary
Chest Pain Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
STEMI:
 - Hx: Pressure like CP, Radiation to arm/jaw, CAD risk
Limb ischemia Pulmonary ... pleuritic CP, Dyspnea ... factors - PEX: Dyspnea ... breath sounds, Dyspnea ... , H/O COPD, asthma
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
When to suspect Eosinophilic Pneumonia? Non-resolving pneumonia + BAL > 25% eosinophils + excluded more
Fever+, Cough+, Dyspnea ... tobacco hx, >60% asthma ... Consolidations AKA "inverse pulmonary ... Pneumonia #diagnosis #pulmonary
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
exacerbation (cardiogenic pulmonary ... failure (ie.. asthma ... increased WOB, dyspnea