15 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical findings
 • Pain in lumbar area and gluteal region: (Dull, insidious
more constant as disease ... column) • Late complication ... minor trauma #AnkylosingSpondylitis ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
CNS: Tremors, Ataxia ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... electrolyte losses - Ataxia ... muscle function, Ataxia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
neurodegenerative disease ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... Cramping, Weakness, Ataxia ... Signs and symptoms
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Sickle-cell disease ... Sickle cell disease ... The underlying pathophysiology ... ischaemia. 2) Aplasia ... Crisis #Features #Signs
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• The disease ... • Significant cause ... damage & blindness Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... often- Sensory ataxia ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Sarcoidosis, Behcet disease