42 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... mutations - Down syndrome ... / Symptoms / Complications ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Rheumatoid Arthritis Summary
MCP and PIP Involvement, Spares DIP, Carpal Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome, Epi/Scleritis, Heart Disease, Rheumatoid
Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome ... Scleritis, Heart Disease ... and ILD Complications ... RA #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #signs #symptoms
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Fits, Hemiplegia, Ataxia ... Demyelinating syndromes ... pain (20%) Renal disease ... erythematosus #signs ... symptoms #diagnosis #rheumatology
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Optic neuropathy, Ataxia ... Deficiency #diagnosis #signs
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Vitamin D - Bone disease ... • Thiamine - Nausea ... dysfunction, gait ataxia ... ), Korsakoff syndrome ... sensory neuropathy, ataxia
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... Risk of Refeeding Syndrome ... CNS: Tremors, Ataxia ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... pain • Extra-CNS complications ... neurology #symptoms #signs
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... Turner, Marfan syndromes ... rubbing • Atopic diseases ... / Symptoms / Complications ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology