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management syndrome differential algorithm microscopy barre guillain workup aids aki atlas bells biopsy blood cns comparison deficiency gbs guillainbarre hematuria
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... WBCs, or urine ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... , RBCs, casts, crystals ... #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Wernicke Encephalopathy ... - Acute B1 (Thiamine ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... • A prompt treatment ... #Management #neurology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... vast majority of cases ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... #nephrology #sodium
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) SLE patient develops
• Nephritic urine ... sediment (dysmorphic RBCs ... , RBC casts, WBC ... casts) especially ... algorithm #sle #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... may precede the neurologic ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... #management #neurology
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