91 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Algorithm #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Causes #Nausea #Vomiting #Differential #NonGI
Causes of Nausea ... - Differential Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Causes #Nausea ... Differential #NonGI #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
mannitol) 3) Loop ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
. mannitol) 3) Loop ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... binding to sodium–potassium–chloride
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #potassium
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
empagliflozin LOOP ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Magnesium #Low #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm