13 results
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... agent • Does not cause ... hypoglycemia • Low ... effects (e.g. diarrhea ... #Summary #DM2 #
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Shock - Differential ... Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... #Table #CriticalCare
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
- Differential ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... -1beta, cyclin M2 ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... #Causes #Differential
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... effects (e.g. diarrhea ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 #
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
constipation, diarrhea ... , nausea, abdominal ... constipation, diarrhea ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #criticalcare #differential ... #causes #classification
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #criticalcare #differential ... #causes #classification