11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea ... #causes #urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #urine #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... • N Vitamin D: Primary
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... Hypercalcemic states, Primary ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... • Autoimmune disease ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Supplement: • Potassium ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology