13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Burns • Diarrhea ... JAK-2 Positive - Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hematology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
• Infectious diarrhea ... Diagnosis: • Low ... 300 mg/dL) • Low ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Diagnosis and Workup Summary
Use a positive diagnostic strategy with minimal testing.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... /o red flags - Low ... • If Diarrhea: ... Rule out celiac disease ... inflammatory bowel disease
Causes of a low fecal elastase
Abnormal pancreatic imaging:
Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic tumours including cystic disease, Pancreatic resection,
Causes of a low ... result-watery diarrhoea ... mellitus, Bile acid diarrhoea ... fecal #elastase #low ... diagnosis #causes #gastroenterology