12 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... • Metabolic acidosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... with renal tubal acidosis ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ... - Hyponatremia ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Autoimmune thyroid disease ... Insufficiency #Signs
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... : • Hypovolemia ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Differential #Algorithm ... nephrology #sodium #low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
heat illness → Hypernatremia ... → Syncope • Signs ... Abdominal cramps, N/V, diarrhea ... Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... - Hyperkalemia
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... , Chronic diarrhoea ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... , Malnutrition Signs ... Musculoskeletal: Low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Autoimmune disease ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... cause metabolic acidosis
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
goiter (Graves' disease ... Diagnosis: • ↓ Low ... TRAb) if Graves' disease ... Perspiration - Diarrhea ... endocrinology #signs