31 results
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
porphyria, factitious disorder ... • Meds: rifampin ... hyperbilirubinemia • Meds ... Pseudomonas • Meds ... discoloration #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... glucosuria Low Urine ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs, Endocrine disorders ... , Paget's disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #nephrology
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm ... Hyperalimentation - Addison disease ... acidosis - Diarrhea ... Respiratory #Metabolic #Algorithm ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... indicate metabolic disorders ... contamination #Urine ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... acidosis • Chronic diarrhea ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Dizziness / Lightheadedness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Lightheaded, unsteady, disoriented - Non-vertigo
Organic Disease
 • Presyncope/Vasodepressor
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-vertigo Organic Disease ... Drugs Psychiatric Disease ... Anxiety • Panic Disorder ... Lightheadedness #Neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... differential #potassium #nephrology