13 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Nephrotic Syndrome, Chronic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Algorithm Unprovoked ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... is usually caused ... correction of chronic ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Algorithm Normal ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Cause ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride