12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... , a high urine chloride ... Urine chloride is ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Chloride Intoxication ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... diarrhea), Sweat ... /low blood pressure ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
145 mmol/L High Urine ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... or Low PTH: ... or Low FGF-23: ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Normal Anion Gap ... Loss (Negative urine ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology