11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... #hypokalemia ... #differential #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #nephrology #low
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... : • Hypovolemia ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrology #sodium #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... hormonal imbalances (low ... FSH and LH levels ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... • Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management