25 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... : • High Blood ... consumption • Low
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... constipation, diarrhea ... constipation, diarrhea ... patients sensitive to high ... #medications #pharmacology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... artery stenosis Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Diarrhea B. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
aldosterone which does a lot ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology