13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... • Normal or low ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... syndromes - Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table