11 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... /low blood pressure ... of sodium and potassium ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... #differential #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Urinary ... - Normal/low blood ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Shift: • Alkalosis ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... intake • Metabolic ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #potassium #low
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Base Disorders - Evaluation ... and Differential Diagnosis ... delta/delta) to see ... 3) Now, look at ... Base #Disorders #Evaluation
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Cause ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis ... altered 2) You see ... Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis ... High Lactate, Low ... Potassium, Low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Increased secretion of potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium