11 results
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Alkalosis - “BLVD ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... - Contraction alkalosis ... MD @nickmmark #acidbase ... #workup #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... /low blood pressure ... of sodium and potassium ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low blood ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake • Metabolic ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... #causes #potassium
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
altered 2) You see ... show anion-gap metabolic ... Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis ... High Lactate, Low ... Potassium, Low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... alkalosis #Hypochloremia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Supplement: • Potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Increased secretion of potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification