8 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Osmotic diuresis (see ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Loss (Negative urine ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... and Elimination (see ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology