12 results
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
obstruction • COPD ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... MD @nickmmark #acidbase ... #workup #algorithm ... #diagnosis #acidosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... intake • Metabolic ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Workup #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... lung disease (COPD ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... #Summary #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low Kidney Phosphate ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Cause ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... #Nephrology #Chloride