9 results
diagnosis nephrology algorithm hypokalemia causes hypophosphatemia potassium workup cauda caudaequina chloride equina framework gitelman management metabolic pathophysiology phosphate phosphorus urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... vomiting) • Low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
symptoms: • Severe low ... gunshot wounds • constipation ... Differential ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... porphyria - Neurologic ... floor dyssynergia Irritable ... #Constipation ... #Causes #Differential
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