15 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... • Nutritional: ... /jejunal nutrition ... Haematological: Anaemia
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... , Drugs, Liver Disease ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Peripheral Blood Smear
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... IgM) • Blood smear ... #hemolytic #anemia
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Peripheral Smear ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
blood cell count (anemia ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... Myelophthisic Anemia ... dyserythropoietic anemia
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... - Little or no nutritional ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... - anemia ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... due to chronic disease ... • Seizures • Hemolysis ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Oroya Fever
Hematologic disease caused by Bartonella bacilliformis
Restricted to the Andes highlands of Peru & Ecuador
B. bacilliformis:
Fever Hematologic disease ... lysis → severe hemolytic ... anemia, jaundice ... phase: Peripheral smear ... TREATMENT: ​• Acute
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... contribute to nonimmune hemolysis ... vasculitis Treatment ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis